First let me say that your leak cannot have been that severe. I was reading up on evaporation and many specify a rate of 1/4" per day in the hot summer with wind. So probably half of your missing water went into the air instead of into the ground next to your house.
Here some additional information on foundations:
I am no foundation engineer but building our new house on extremely poor soils I researched a lot about foundation performance to understand what is causing foundation issues. Based on my understanding water itself has no effect on your foundation. The problem is when you have clay soils underneath your foundation (and if you are in Houston you most likely do) that water will expand the soil . Now if the soil around your whole house expands the same amount you usually don't have a lot of issues either, because everything rises at the same time and when the water is gone it will shrink together at the same time. But if you have wet soils on one side and very dry soils on the other side, then the soil can swell on the wet side and not on the dry side and that will start to put stress on your concrete foundation since there is only pressure on one side.
So based on that if you continuously have wet soil on one side and dry soil on the other sides of the house you could develop foundation issues. What I don't know is whether this can already cause issues within 1 month or if it takes longer. The good thing is that with all the rain we had the first couple of weeks it didn't make a big difference. Only the last two weeks you may have had wet soil on one side and drier soil on the other sides. Plus if you have been watering a lot around your hole house including close up to the foundation, then the soil on the other sides is probably not as dried out either.
Now if your house was built on a structural foundation with piers and void boxes (=air gap underneath the flat concrete with piers going 12-20 feet into the ground) then the above doesn't really matter because the soils can expand by around 6" before they even touch the bottom of your foundation. But if your house was built with a slab on grade foundation without any piers, then that pressure is going right against your foundation. Unless your home was a custom home designed by an independent engineer, you most likely do not have a foundation on void boxes as they are very expensive.
If you want to be safe I would suggest you hire a structural engineer who specializes in foundation performance for an opinion. Matt Gray has a lot of knowledge. Here is his website:
http://www.mattgraype.com/ Here is a document he wrote with his father who was also a structural engineer specializing on foundations.
http://www.texasinspector.com/files/Foundation-Book-for-Buyers.pdf
Read the testimonials on the website and some of the info he posts. Maybe he will give you a brief opinion over the phone but most likely he will want to come out and look at it, measure your floors, etc. Maybe he will tell you to call him again in a couple of months since it would be too early to tell if you have any issues.
Whatever you do, definitely don't get a foundation repair company to evaluate your situation. They have too much incentive to recommend a repair and many times repairs won't improve the situation and it is a risk that it can make the situation even worse. They may tell you that you have an issue whereas Matt Gray may determine that it's no big deal.
Wishing you the best of luck with this!