If they have a cartridge filter, can you pull the filter and take a picture of the dirty cartridge?
If the stains are copper, a sulfamic treatment might work, but that has its own issues and problems.
Note: I know that you’re trying to help your friend, but be aware that this can go wrong if there is a lot of copper.
You might want to reconsider taking the risk or at least inform your friend of the risk and let them decide if it’s worth it.