As long as you keep your pH above 7.0 at all times there is no worry with damaging your heater. Low pH, below 7.0, dissolves copper slowly over time.
Are you looking for a heat pump or a gas heater? Hayward makes a small 50k btu heat pump that only needs a 20 amp circuit and works great to heat or cool. Ive been using one for a few years and it is great. You'll get about 0.4 degrees heat per hour with that. But, the idea with a heat pump is to keep the pool warm most or allot the time. I.e. if the weekend looks good for swimming turn on the heat pump Wednesday or Thursday and heat the pool for the weekend.
For gas a small Raypak heater would be good. A 105k btu heater will get you about 0.75 degrees per hour and 150k btu will get you a little over 1 degree per hour. If your gas service is sufficient then you could go with a 250k btu heater and get about 1.8 degrees per hour. It will cost about the same to heat your pool from temp A to temp B no matter which heater you get. A bigger heater will just heat it faster.
A solar cover will help a lot to keep the heat you are paying for in the pool overnight. Thin and cheap is the one to get because they all seem to last 2 or 3 years.