It is generally not a good idea to make a habit of short-cycling a pump motor (turn it on-off-on repeatedly within the span of few seconds) - just something to keep in mind. With that said, it is unlikely that this one short cycle alone was the root cause of the failure if this was the only time you did this. It may have had an underlying condition that put it in a somewhat weakened state and this one short cycle may have pushed it over the edge. Two things I would check before resigning yourself to a new pump/motor are (1) The capacitor and (2) The timer switch. If it is either of these, it is an easier and cheaper fix then getting a whole new pump/motor. Unless you are experienced with electric motors and electrical wiring, I would have a professional diagnose it.
I would try turning it on again today and see if the problem persists before going forward with any diagnosis.