For 400,000 btu/hr at 30 degrees Fahrenheit, ideally you would use a 500 gallon tank.
The larger tank is to provide more surface area of the liquid propane in contact with the container walls and open surface area above the liquid propane.
The liquid propane needs to boil and become a gas. To do this, the liquid needs to absorb heat from the tank walls and the walls need to absorb heat from the air (if above ground) or from the earth if below ground.
Having an undersized tank can result in frosting of the outer tank surface as the liquid absorbs heat from the tank walls. The walls can get too cold causing condensation and if cold enough, the condensation can freeze. Frosting of the tank reduces it's ability to absorb the heat needed to boil the liquid into gas.
For a 500 gallon tank, assuming that the usable volume is 300 gallons (80% max fill to 20% recommended minimum fill), a 400,000 btu/hr heater can run about 68.5 hours on a full (80%) tank.