I agree with those who have told you that is not calcium scaling, at least not in the classical sense. The partial evidence is that the water is not scale forming.
And as others have told you, the calcium scale on the tile areas is not the same thing that is happening in the pool and below the water line.
It is also not efflorescence in the classical sense. It is not from moisture/water coming from behind the pool shell and depositing calcium on the surface.
What I think has been happening are several possible things. Most pebble aggregate pools are acid washed before filling with water when new. That creates an etched, rough, and porous cement surface (the cement binder surrounds all of the pebbles) that is separate and apart from the pebbles that remain unaffected by the acid wash. Also, I believe the plaster applicator added calcium chloride to the mix (hardening accelerator) that is leaching out of the plaster matrix and then depositing itself onto the rough or porous cement part of the pool surface, not the pebble aggregate. Calcium chloride is very soluble and some of it does dissolve out of the plaster finish, and can re-deposit itself as scale onto the porous cement when it reacts with balanced pool water.
The bottom line? That condition will probably continue for a long time, and there is not much that can be done to rectify it.