Probably not the culprit, but just in case... you mentioned that your water hose test ran freely from the pump strainer to the skimmer. Normally that check valve would prevent much water from going backwards down the suction line. Just wondering if the check valve cover is turned 180 degrees from the correct position. I don't know about Pentair, but the Jandy check valves can be installed either way. If it's in the correct position, the flap will be on the end of the check valve which is further from the pump (left-hand-side in your pictures 2 and 3, with flapper hinging up and open toward the pump)