If, when the jets are on and the spa level is low, the water shooting out the nozzles is shooting at a good clip, nearly straight across to the opposite side, the water flow is likely as good as it's going to get. The venturi effect is minimal at this point, with or without the directional fittings in place.
When the spa fills to above the jet level, the flow from the jet nozzles is not likely to be reduce by much, though the friction of the stream through water will make the stream slow and disperse. The same thing happens when moving your hand quickly through the air and trying it again in the water. Water slowed you down.
The water moving through the jet body creates a pressure vacuum. As the stream shoots out, it carries some of the water around it, with it. This vacuum is supposed to be filled by whatever the venturi has behind it. Since it is vented to the atmosphere above the water line, any water in the air loop should be drawn out, assuming the vent is not too far away to overcome for the given plumbing diameter and the velocity of the water stream.
A restriction in the air line will create a reluctance to clear the air loop of water that may exceed the vacuum in the jet bodies. This reluctance to draw in air (or resistance) is the sum of the head loss from the pipe size and distance away to the vent. It's harder to drawn in whatever is in the air loop pipe the farther away it is and the amount of vacuum is not that great. If the air vent were very close to the loop, you might not need a blower's assistance.
Blowers are often used if the distance is more than the vacuum can overcome. and why the bubbles shortly disappear as the water level in the tub rises without the blower's assist.
If, when the tub is full, you blew air down the pipe with your shop vac and air bubbles strongly out all the jet bodies, the vent is too far to far to provide unassisted air to the jets. If you used to get some unassisted air in the mix, something changed in the air loop to increase the resistance of the air loop.
Scott