I must say I'm a bit stumped.

The only thing is I have an uneasy feeling about your test logs. Your FC has been on the low side a couple times at least, so then you add one gallon of chlorine which is 4 ppm worth. Then it may fall again. Consuming 4 ppm in 24 hrs is right at the high end of what we consider acceptable unless the CYA is too low or there is a lot of swimming or some explainable reason for consumption. May or may not be related to the brown, but just has me wondering even though you passed the OCLT.
I can't imagine the brown is anything related to pollen in your area. Has this been happening for a long time, or did it only start when those techs changed your sand? Anything unusual in your local area that might be related to that stuff? Landscaping work or something?