small mexican fan palms would do well in a pot. I dont think they would get very big if kept in a pot, and they are fairly slow growing.
Sego Palms would also be an excellent choice IMO, but they look more like just a plant rather than a tree. They are neat to watch grow new frondeach spring. It's very wierd and it happens fast. Like some sort of alien from another galaxy.
both are attractive can tolerate fairly well what us Texans call cold.
If you are in to the tropical flavor, another thing you might consider are maybe some banana trees. They also do well in pots. You can leave em outside in winter if you want. They will turn brown in winter and look dead. But in February, just chop off the plant at soil level and cover with a little mulch. They will grow right back come spring time. They grow fast too and look absolutely awesome and have lots of "babies" that you can transplant into other pots, or maybe plant some around your deck.