Excellent! OK...
1. I don't know if I have a VRV at this point.
Sometimes they're "hidden" in the end cap of the solar panel header manifold up on the roof. Others look like this, up on the roof or just under the eves:
Google "solar heater vacuum relief valve" and click "Images" and you'll see lots of different types.
2. I'm not finding anything that fits your description of a solar drain down valve. The pic shows an in-line "valve"(?) on the return pipe similar in shape to a Jandy valve but without the screws (and the Jandy name). It doesn't seem to have any valuable info on it. Note the 3-way valve is in the off position at this time (I just heard the solar turn on so I'll monitor today to see if the bump in "valve 3 speed" solves the issue)
The two black gizmos with the "flow" arrows on them are your check valves. They appear to be located where I would expect them to be, so that's good. You're right, neither are Jandy and so won't accept the FlowVis Retrofit kit. Ideally, you'd replace the one just after the filter, not the other one. Just after the filter will give you flow readings whether your solar was engaged or not. With a pic a bit zoomed back I might be able to offer a way to get the FlowVis in there. They double as check valves, so you can safely replace a check valve with a FlowVis.
The Hayward GVA-24 is the actuator. That's not actually the solar three-way valve, but it's bolted to it. The solar-valve is under the actuator, and is operated by it. If you had a solar drain-down valve, it would be that three-way valve. You're not looking for something other than that one. It's that valve, under the actuator, that you need to find some numbers on, to determine if that is a standard three-way, or a solar drain down type. Unfortunately, that's not the end of it, because some installers know how to modify a standard three-way into a drain-down, just by drilling a hole somewhere inside it. I know...
3. The videos were really good but I don't have a section long enough to install the Vis at this time. I would need to install a loop in the line and I'm not quite ready to tackle that.
See above.
4. Yes, the bubbles appear each time the solar valve turns on, even in the middle of the day (this mid day cycling is the thing I'm concerned with).
I've tried to attach pictures. Let's see if this works...
Let's make sure we're talking about the same thing. When the "solar valve turns on" does the pump go from low speed to high, or does the pump actually start up from off? In other words, is the pump running all day, at low speed, and just ramp up for solar? Or is the pump off all the time, and only comes on when the solar valve turns?
Pics came through fine. Starting at the top,
#1: that's a check valve.
#2: two check valves and the solar actuator with the solar three-way valve underneath the actuator. The check on the left is on your solar return line. The check on the right, just after the pool filter, is where your FlowVis might go. Take a zoomed out shot of that area so I can see the pipe(s) coming off the filter. You might get the FlowVis in there, without the loop you're describing. The gizmo under the check valve on the right looks to be a saltwater chlorine generator cell.
#3: your feet are pointing at your suction-side manifold. I'm a bit confused about the rest. Typically that manifold leads to a pump, which is kinda what that looks like, only half a pump. I'm not sure what I'm looking at. Is that two pumps side by side? Might need a better shot of that, different angle.
#4: OK, now I see where you're getting your temp readings from! The two grey-handled ball valves are your solar isolation valves. I don't like those, but they are not uncommon. They would be used to isolate your solar panels from the rest of your pool plumbing. Perhaps for winterizing? But do you winterize? Here's the rub. The check valve on your return line already isolates that side. And the solar valve, when in "solar off" mode, isolates the supply side. So the ball valves are not only redundant, but hazardous. If either of the ball valves are closed, and you inadvertently turn on your solar and the solar valve engages the panels, depending on which isolation valve is closed, you'll either blow up your pump or your filter or the panels or all of them! My system has no such valves, and glad for it. Don't ever mess with them, would be my advice. The red-handled hose bib is for draining the supply side pipe and the panels. Typically there is one on each side, but the return side would drain to the pool, so maybe that's why they left if out. Remember, I mentioned before how the solar valve can trap water on the supply side, the hose bib is for draining the supply side. But if you never winterize your pool, then you don't ever need to mess with that valve either, especially if you find you have a solar drain-down three-way valve.
So... the thermometers. So ideally the return temp should only be a few degrees warmer than the supply temp. This, I assume, is how you're reporting the 15° differential? The two temp gauges can be used to tune your system, instead of the FlowVis, but that's assuming they both work, and are both accurate. 15° is a lot. Not right, as I've mentioned, but so much that it makes me suspect the gauges. Not sure what's to be done about that. If you're feeling adventurous, you could swap them. Wait until mid day, after the solar has been running a while. Note the reading. Have some teflon tape handy. Shut down the pad and swap the gauges (quickly), then restart the system. If you get the same differential, then your gauges are OK (or at least equally inaccurate). If the readings are wildly different than before the swap, then you've got one or both bad gauges.
I still claim adjusting flow is the better way to tune solar panels, but perhaps others would disagree. If you run your pump between 2000-2500 RPM and the temperature differential between the two gauges is more than a few degrees, something's wrong.
OK, off to the salt mines. More later if you need...