With a cartridge filter, there is no way to vacuum to waste as cartridge filters don't have a way to attach a multi-port valve to the filter. But you could add a 3-way valve between the pump and filter to allow vacuuming to waste.
Below is based on your picture orientation.....
Top - skimmer - draws water from skimmer
Middle - vacuum port - draws water from vac port
Bottom - main drain - draws water from main drain
1) with the automatic cleaner - upper valve OFF towards skimmer, lower valve OFF towards main drain
2) normal running - no automatic cleaner - upper valve OFF towards vac port, lower valve OFF towards main drain (or maybe open the main drain slightly - I have mine set to draw about 25% of the water from the main draon and 75% from the skimmer).
3) to vacuum from the skimmer - upper valve OFF towards vac port, lower vavle OFF towards main drain... but why since you can use the dedicated vac port for normal vacuuming and for the auto vac?
4) vacuum to waste - unless you add a 3-way valve between pump and filter, you can't do this.
In reality, you may want to open the main drain just a little and leave it there for all operations - unless you need full suction to one of the other two. Also, you can open skimmer to get some skimmimg action while the auto vac is running on the dedicated vac port. You'll need to try a few different settings to find what works best for your setup. If you don't have enough suction for the vacuum to work corredtly, close the main drain fully first and then start closing off the skimmer. As I mentioned, you usually want some skimming action while using the vaccum port.
One item to clarify, if the plate with the screws in it (under the handle) has the word INLET imprinted on it, INLET should always be on the pump side to avoid dead-heading the pump. There are stops built into the valve - when you turn the handle - that are supposed to prevent being able to turn the OFF on the handle to stop flow to the pump. By removing the screws (pump off) the plate can be rotated to align inlet toward the pump - but it usually takes a little effort on valves that have been in service for a while. And it could compromise the o-ring under the plate. For your two valves - top valve, INLET should be on the lower side of the valve and bottom valve, INLET should be on the left side of the valve, toward the pump. INLET always toward pump is if pump is above pool water level (most inground pools) - if pump below pool water level, sometimes installer will setup valve so pump can be dead-headed... but caution must be used to avoid running pump dry.