Kind of dark, but that valve is certainly open. Have you tried pulling water just from the drain to see if it makes a difference? That would rule-out a potential blockage at the skimmer line.
As for the self-prime, that would be your pump. The sand filter may not have an air relief valve, but that's different. Shouldn't effect anything. When a pump won't prime (basket full of water) we generally look for:
- Water low at the skimmer or a blockage
- Skimmer weir (flap) door stuck closed
- Air leak on the suction side (from pool skimmer to the pump)
But if everything was working properly before you vacuumed, I would back-track my steps to see what could have been effected. Maybe the water level got too low from backwashing? Maybe the pump basket clear lid O-ring got pinched or damaged? Try the drain suction only to rule-out a blockage.