Though this may be algae (and might be yellow/mustard which normally requires higher chlorine levels to prevent its growth), see the document
Filtration Spectrum to see that there are particles (such as some kinds of dust and pollen) that cannot be filtered out. Milk is a colloid (see
this document showing particle sizes of 0.05 to 2 microns) and is quite opaque and yet won't filter out by any pool filter, not even DE. See the following image for the relative sizes of sand, silt, and clay:
Regular sand is from 50 to 2000 microns though pool sand is generally in the 500 micron (0.5 mm) range (the space in between the sand is smaller and when "dirty" can capture down to 35 microns), but silt is 2-50 microns and clay is less than 2 microns so won't get filtered even by DE. One can most certainly see colloids and clay in water in spite of their being too small to filter by DE let alone a sand filter.
So it is not true that if one can see it one can filter it via a pool filter. That may be true for the usual items found in pool water of dead skin cells, debris, and typical algae (though some algae is smaller and may remain unclumped), but there are rarer occasions where the water requires a clarifier or flocculant to get clear. It's not common, but it has happened and been reported on this forum (such as with
clay getting into the pool). It is only because the very small particles such as clay are not commonly put into pools that they generally remain clear through normal filtration. Also, we've seen many pools with sand filters get cleared much faster by adding DE to their sand filter and that is most likely due to smaller particles large enough to get caught readily by DE but not caught efficiently by sand alone.