I am late to this thread so I may be overlooking something significant.
The brown "dust" you see is dead algae. Vacuum it up with a manual vac and then be prepared to do it again tomorrow AM.
Sorry to be abrupt but you are over complicating something that doesn't need to be.
SLAM your pool. read "The ABC's of Pool Water Chemistry" up in Pool School. This article must be followed exactly to clear your pool. Post back if you have any questions about the procedure.
Don't take any shortcuts, especially don't add things the article doesn't tell you to add.....only chlorine. You chlorine should be held up around 16 this whole time.
Stay on your subject.......that means keeping your FC around 16.o ppm CONSTANTLY. Disregard pH, disregard CC's and disregard all your other chemistry until the dead algae is vacuumed and removed from your pool.
Once that brown algae is removed from your pool, we'll do an OCLT but it is pointless until the brown stuff disappears.