To follow up, I did get the leak stopped this weekend! (Well, what is left is the teensiest drip that may stop on it's own once a little crud or DE finds it's way over there.)
This time, I unhooked the MPV and plumbing to be able to move the fiter away from the house; the way it was installed, the back of the filter was practically touching the foundation of the house, and it is underneath the deck, so any servicing is done from crouched position. This makes tightening the back 4 or so bolts more difficult. So I fully disconnected it and scooched it to a place that made working around the full circle easier.
When I popped the top off, I took a much closer look. Turns out, there were some hairline cracks around 4 or 5 bolt holes, mostly in that back area. Some of them looked dark or dirty, so I presume that they have been there for a while and I didn't necessarily cause them, but knocked the dirt that was plugging them loose. (At least that thought will help me sleep at night!)
Anyway, I cleaned everything up, greased the o-ring channel in the lower half really well and greased the o-ring well. (Pro tip I haven't seen: This time, before doing those things, I laid some shop rags/towels gently on the sand bed to keep the potentially greasy o-ring from popping out and touching sand and getting that stuck on it. Then I carefully picked up the towels so as not to disturb the o-ring.)
Because of the cracks, I skipped ahead to the aquarium silicone sealant. I silicone-ed the cracks. I also did a thin bead around the bolt holes, because for some reason that made sense at the time. And I did a bead in the "half-channel" that is on the top dome of the filter. Then I carefully placed the top half on the bottom and bolted it together. I did at least 3 full "stars" of the 24 bolts to ensure as even of clamping as I could, hooked everything up, and let it sit over 24 hours. I also addressed a couple previous-homeowner-induced leaks in the pipes to the setup.
And when I fired it up last night, I only had a teeny tiny seep around one bolt's threads-the one that is next to the foundation and theoretically would be hardest to torque evenly, hence possibly really cranking down on it to "make sure." I also did a bead of plastic weld epoxy up top where there is a seep.
I think all the grease in the o-ring groove and ring itself should allow the top to pop off fairly easily should I decide to open it up again for some reason. I also realize that this filter is getting long in the tooth, but I think this will at least buy some time to save for a new one. I'll keep a close eye on the pressure gauge and maybe clean it just a little more often than I might otherwise to help keep the pressure a little lower.