In your case with a sand filter, probably the next step after the first day or two without visible progress would have been to
Add DE to a Sand Filter (which is in the Pool School) since that can filter finer particles in your existing sand filter. A clarifier would normally be more like a last step. Now that said, I have used it during experimentation when I had a vendor give me a phosphate remover that terribly clouded my pool and I needed to clear it up quickly so used a clarifier. I have a cartridge filter and could have just waited a few days, but didn't want to.
Since clarifiers work inconsistently, we should probably at least figure out which ones work the best when they do work so at least we can have brand recommendations for that last resort. So to that end, what clarifier did you use?