Sean,
What is your calcium hardness level?
The rough surface is most likely (99.9% sure) Calcium scaling. This is typical for new pools.
It is imperative that you keep control of the pH level to prevent this from happening. At this point, as Jason said, drop you pH levels now! Keep extra acid on hand as you will need to add some just about EVERY DAY! Along with this, you will need to brush the walls to keep the calcium controlled and to brush down the "cream", which is some of the plaster and calcium rising to the surface as the finish cures hard.
At this point, as you are able to brush it down, it's not quite solidified onto your surface...yet.
Keep your pH low, about 7.2, to control this. Once you see your acid consumption reduce, the plaster should be mostly cured and you can adjust your pH to a higher level (7.4 - 7.6), if you so desire.
However, I would recommend that you go a little lower for a few days to dissolve the calcium back into solution. 6.8 - 7.0 would be ideal, then increase to 7.2 until cured. Keep brushing your pool, although I think you should go to a nylon bristle brush after a few days, so you don't mar the plaster with the stainless steel brush.
In the meanwhile, check your cell as it may have built up calcium scale on the blades as well.
