how else is cya added to pool?

CYA will only get into pool water either via stabilized chlorine (Trichlor or Dichlor) or via pure CYA (either CYA powder or Instant Pool Water Conditioner). It does not come from any other source and is not in rain nor in fill/tap water.
 
We have heard that when you are lowering CYA, it may be possible for CYA that has become stuck to the walls and equipment to go back into solution as you drain and fill. At least, this is the proposed explanation for the effect we see of an X% water drain and fill not resulting in X% drop in CYA.

However, I have noticed that the CYA measuring tube seems to be on a log scale, so that a 50% reduction, for example, will take you from CYA 60 to CYA 35. Since there are no markers for CYA 100+, it is hard to tell what a 50% reduction might be from say 200 CYA.
 
The tube is a log scale due to the physics of viewing the black dot through a cloudy solution. It has nothing to do with dilution rates. Diluting the water by 50% with fill water (that has no CYA in it) will cut the CYA level by 50%.
 
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