PolyQuat and toxicity
I got a response back from Buckman Labs on the toxicity of PolyQuat as follows:
Buckman Laboratories has carried out a number of studies to determine the toxicity of Polyquat to mammals, and the results of these studies all showed very little toxicity. The test animals used in these studies were rats, rabbits, and dogs. As an example, a one-year chronic toxicity study in dogs showed a No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) of 1% for male dogs and 2% for female dogs. As your calculation correctly shows, the NOEL is VERY far above the actual ppm levels that may be present in the pool. Even at the highest concentration used in this study (4%), only minor histological changes could be found. NONE of these studies (or any others conducted by or for Buckman Laboratories) have ever shown any indication of mutagenic or carcinogenic activity by this product.
So this confirms what I said earlier that the PolyQuat in pool water is essentially non-toxic. Similar studies show the same for CYA (the problem with the pet food had to do with the combination of CYA with melamine with the latter being the bigger problem and the combination being deadly). Chlorine is more toxic while borates are more so, but just around the limit of observed effects when drinking around a pint a day.
Again, teaching your dog to not drink pool water is the safest thing to do.
Richard
I got a response back from Buckman Labs on the toxicity of PolyQuat as follows:
Buckman Laboratories has carried out a number of studies to determine the toxicity of Polyquat to mammals, and the results of these studies all showed very little toxicity. The test animals used in these studies were rats, rabbits, and dogs. As an example, a one-year chronic toxicity study in dogs showed a No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) of 1% for male dogs and 2% for female dogs. As your calculation correctly shows, the NOEL is VERY far above the actual ppm levels that may be present in the pool. Even at the highest concentration used in this study (4%), only minor histological changes could be found. NONE of these studies (or any others conducted by or for Buckman Laboratories) have ever shown any indication of mutagenic or carcinogenic activity by this product.
So this confirms what I said earlier that the PolyQuat in pool water is essentially non-toxic. Similar studies show the same for CYA (the problem with the pet food had to do with the combination of CYA with melamine with the latter being the bigger problem and the combination being deadly). Chlorine is more toxic while borates are more so, but just around the limit of observed effects when drinking around a pint a day.
Again, teaching your dog to not drink pool water is the safest thing to do.
Richard