I don't think the higher pressure would make it louder, or at least mine doesn't, but you have a different brand than I do.
Perhaps, someone else who knows more about that particular brand can tell you more about whether they get louder with increased pressure, or not. They also generally say there is no need to backwash until you have a 20-25% above the clean pressure, which equals out to about a 5-6psi increase from your clean starting point. If your filter has only gone up from 10-12ppm, I wouldn't think it would be putting any strain on your filter because of that small of an increase anyway.
LOL If it's as cold at your house as it is just down the road at mine, your pump might be frozen lol. I hate this Fall like weather today. I certainly missed all that sunshine, and warm temps we had last week. Hopefully the noise is nothing but keep an eye and ear on it just in case it is some kind of mechanical issue. I hope this helps. Have a nice night.